Viper Northern (Common) - Vipera berus (Linnaeus 1758) plazyunas.com
Northern viper (common) is perhaps the best known and the only venomous snake in Slovakia. It is emblazoned with lots of superstitions and fables that are not true, and unfortunately contribute to the fact that it is becoming minna haapkyla a frequent target of attacks people who are with him in the countryside, the gardens and fields meet. But it is a big mistake, because this kind of, like all snakes, significantly reduces the number of rodents.
Taxonomy: Taxonomy species has undergone a total revision (Joger et al., 2007), but is not yet fully settled. In the past, within the distribution range distinguish five subspecies: V. berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758), V. berus bosniensis (Boettger, 1889), V. berus pseudaspis Schreiber, 1912, and V. berus seoanei Lataste 1879 European part and V. berus sachalinensis Darevsky, 1917 in the Asian part of the site. Nilson (Nilson et al. 2005) in the European minna haapkyla part distinguishes only two subspecies: V. berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758) and V. berus bosniensis (Boettger, 1889). By Joger (Joger in McDiarmid et al., 1999) V. berus bosniensis minna haapkyla (Boettger, 1889) taxonomy represents a separate species V. bosniensis (see below).
Engelmann (Engelmann et al. 1993) described Vipera berus pseudaspis Schreiber in 1912 as a distinct subspecies, partly synonymous to describe stejnegeri (Stejneger 1907). Subspecies V. berus sachalinensis Darevsky, 1915 he was promoted to a separate species Vipera sachalinensis minna haapkyla Darevsky, 1917. Taxonomy V. berus can be solved Joger (Joger et al. 2007), which is based on genetic analysis considers that Vipera bosniensis, V. nikolskii, V. barani and V. sachalinensis belong to a complex within different populations of Vipera berus.
Features: minna haapkyla The body is shorter and quite stocky. The total length rarely exceeds 80 cm, while males are smaller (usually within 60 cm). The tail is in proportion to the body is short (longer in males), finished minna haapkyla with a small sharp scales. Anal plate is entire (Baruš et al., 1992; Lác 1968 Nilson et al., 2005).
The head is broad, slightly dorsoventrally (away from back to belly) flattened, oval viewed from above, or slightly triangular. From the neck is well separated, and its shape is influenced by the degree of fulfillment of poison glands. The eye is relatively small, with vertical pupils, covered from top pair extended supraokulárnych ("nadočných") labels (one over each eye). The iris is red or reddish (Baruš et al. 1992 Lác 1968).
The scales on the body are arranged in rows 19-23. In the middle of the strongly keeled, except ventrálií (abdominal scales) and the lower row of ventrolateral scales (scales in the bottom side row), which are smooth. minna haapkyla Nostril is located in the middle nasal ("nasal") scales. Pileus consists of 5 major labels and 10 mostly smaller labels. Overall, it is folidóza (shape and arrangement of scales) of the head and especially pileus (shape and arrangement of scales only on top of the head, which also serve as a distinctive feature between species) individually minna haapkyla highly variable (Baruš et al. 1992 Lác 1968 Nilson et al. 2005).
Coloring individual subjects, and quite variable. Characteristic is sex dichromatizmus (Figs. 1 and 2), which is also contingent minna haapkyla on the season (the males during breeding colored more intensively than in the rest of the year). minna haapkyla Males have a base color grayscale, sivozelnej and female in a tan, rusty, or brown in color. In both sexes for the whole length of the back to the end of the tail extends dark, or black zig-zag band. This drawing can be broken in some individuals, or may be totally absent. The sides of the body are usually arranged longitudinally minna haapkyla darker patches of different sizes (sense Baruš et al. 1992 LAC 1968, Nilson et al. 2005). male female
Dorsal ("top") side of the head is often dark drawing shaped X The sides of the head from the nostrils through the eye to the neck, pulls dark band (protection function poison apparatus from UV radiation). Supralabiálne labels (labels, covering the upper "lip") mostly white in color, which passes through the throatlatch, which is gradually mixed with orange to brownish stains. Ventral surface of the body from the neck colored in shades of dark brown to black, sometimes with fine orange patches. End of the tail is often yellowish (sense Baruš et al. 1992 LAC 1968, Nilson et al. 2005).
Common is melanism (dark discoloration of the skin by the action of dark pigment - melanin) - morpha Prester (Linnaeus, 1761), which is characteristic of both sexes. Individuals are homogenously colored black (Fig. 3), the dark zigzag design minna haapkyla is not visible. Throatlatch and the end of the tail may be yellow to orange.
Except for the black subjects rarely found bright orange - morpha chersea (Linnaeus, 1758). This color aberration is more common in females. Just as in morph Prester or there is a boy drawing visible. (Sense Baruš et al. 1992 LAC 1968, Nilson et al. 2005).
Coloration of juveniles is similar to adults, except minna haapkyla morph Prester and chersea where young postpartum minna haapkyla SFA
Northern viper (common) is perhaps the best known and the only venomous snake in Slovakia. It is emblazoned with lots of superstitions and fables that are not true, and unfortunately contribute to the fact that it is becoming minna haapkyla a frequent target of attacks people who are with him in the countryside, the gardens and fields meet. But it is a big mistake, because this kind of, like all snakes, significantly reduces the number of rodents.
Taxonomy: Taxonomy species has undergone a total revision (Joger et al., 2007), but is not yet fully settled. In the past, within the distribution range distinguish five subspecies: V. berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758), V. berus bosniensis (Boettger, 1889), V. berus pseudaspis Schreiber, 1912, and V. berus seoanei Lataste 1879 European part and V. berus sachalinensis Darevsky, 1917 in the Asian part of the site. Nilson (Nilson et al. 2005) in the European minna haapkyla part distinguishes only two subspecies: V. berus berus (Linnaeus, 1758) and V. berus bosniensis (Boettger, 1889). By Joger (Joger in McDiarmid et al., 1999) V. berus bosniensis minna haapkyla (Boettger, 1889) taxonomy represents a separate species V. bosniensis (see below).
Engelmann (Engelmann et al. 1993) described Vipera berus pseudaspis Schreiber in 1912 as a distinct subspecies, partly synonymous to describe stejnegeri (Stejneger 1907). Subspecies V. berus sachalinensis Darevsky, 1915 he was promoted to a separate species Vipera sachalinensis minna haapkyla Darevsky, 1917. Taxonomy V. berus can be solved Joger (Joger et al. 2007), which is based on genetic analysis considers that Vipera bosniensis, V. nikolskii, V. barani and V. sachalinensis belong to a complex within different populations of Vipera berus.
Features: minna haapkyla The body is shorter and quite stocky. The total length rarely exceeds 80 cm, while males are smaller (usually within 60 cm). The tail is in proportion to the body is short (longer in males), finished minna haapkyla with a small sharp scales. Anal plate is entire (Baruš et al., 1992; Lác 1968 Nilson et al., 2005).
The head is broad, slightly dorsoventrally (away from back to belly) flattened, oval viewed from above, or slightly triangular. From the neck is well separated, and its shape is influenced by the degree of fulfillment of poison glands. The eye is relatively small, with vertical pupils, covered from top pair extended supraokulárnych ("nadočných") labels (one over each eye). The iris is red or reddish (Baruš et al. 1992 Lác 1968).
The scales on the body are arranged in rows 19-23. In the middle of the strongly keeled, except ventrálií (abdominal scales) and the lower row of ventrolateral scales (scales in the bottom side row), which are smooth. minna haapkyla Nostril is located in the middle nasal ("nasal") scales. Pileus consists of 5 major labels and 10 mostly smaller labels. Overall, it is folidóza (shape and arrangement of scales) of the head and especially pileus (shape and arrangement of scales only on top of the head, which also serve as a distinctive feature between species) individually minna haapkyla highly variable (Baruš et al. 1992 Lác 1968 Nilson et al. 2005).
Coloring individual subjects, and quite variable. Characteristic is sex dichromatizmus (Figs. 1 and 2), which is also contingent minna haapkyla on the season (the males during breeding colored more intensively than in the rest of the year). minna haapkyla Males have a base color grayscale, sivozelnej and female in a tan, rusty, or brown in color. In both sexes for the whole length of the back to the end of the tail extends dark, or black zig-zag band. This drawing can be broken in some individuals, or may be totally absent. The sides of the body are usually arranged longitudinally minna haapkyla darker patches of different sizes (sense Baruš et al. 1992 LAC 1968, Nilson et al. 2005). male female
Dorsal ("top") side of the head is often dark drawing shaped X The sides of the head from the nostrils through the eye to the neck, pulls dark band (protection function poison apparatus from UV radiation). Supralabiálne labels (labels, covering the upper "lip") mostly white in color, which passes through the throatlatch, which is gradually mixed with orange to brownish stains. Ventral surface of the body from the neck colored in shades of dark brown to black, sometimes with fine orange patches. End of the tail is often yellowish (sense Baruš et al. 1992 LAC 1968, Nilson et al. 2005).
Common is melanism (dark discoloration of the skin by the action of dark pigment - melanin) - morpha Prester (Linnaeus, 1761), which is characteristic of both sexes. Individuals are homogenously colored black (Fig. 3), the dark zigzag design minna haapkyla is not visible. Throatlatch and the end of the tail may be yellow to orange.
Except for the black subjects rarely found bright orange - morpha chersea (Linnaeus, 1758). This color aberration is more common in females. Just as in morph Prester or there is a boy drawing visible. (Sense Baruš et al. 1992 LAC 1968, Nilson et al. 2005).
Coloration of juveniles is similar to adults, except minna haapkyla morph Prester and chersea where young postpartum minna haapkyla SFA
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