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Later guns appeared. minna mercke schmidt The next few centuries, the number of asylum in the Pyrenees ibex hunting because hunters minna mercke schmidt gradually decreased. 1989, Spanish scientists determine the number of investigations after the Pyrenees of only a dozen goats. Ten years later, only the last one Pyrenees mountain goats: a small Mingxiliya ewes. Abetone by wildlife minna mercke schmidt veterinarian. Fernandez - Arias led the "Oude Sa cum Pedy mountainous national park" team with a trap to capture Xi Liya, in its neck fitted with radio collars, then it is back in the wild. One day, after nine months of radio collars minna mercke schmidt emit a long and continuous beep: That is a signal representative Xi Liya dead. Team members found to be crushed to death in a tree collapsed 西莉雅 tree. With the death of Xi Liya, Pyrenees mountain goats officially declared extinct.
However, Xi Liya cells still survive with, save in Zaragoza and Madrid laboratory. minna mercke schmidt The next few years, by Jose. Foer Ke team led by reproductive physiologist injected into the nucleus of those cells prior removal of the original DNA of the goat egg and then implanted in a surrogate mother's womb these eggs. After 57 times of transplantation, only seven ewes successful pregnancy. And these seven ewe there six abortion. But there is a surrogate mother, and the Spanish Ibex goats mating sheep gave birth to the mix, the success of the copies of the Xi Liya pregnant to term. Foer Ke and colleagues laparotomy for ewes do, then it would only give birth to two kilograms of weight cloning of a sheep. Fernandez - When Arias copy of the newborn sheep in his arms, breathing very difficult minna mercke schmidt to see that the lamb tongue in a very normal way extends outside the mouth. Although we find ways to help it breathe, 西莉雅 avatar in just ten minutes or dead. Later, autopsy results show lamb long one lung lobe of a huge, such as the liver as dense. There is no way it can be saved.
Since the novelist Michael. minna mercke schmidt After Clayton with his pen for the world to bring "Jurassic Park" dinosaurs, so that the species has disappeared resurrection concept (some call it "the extinction of species rebirth"), on the boundary between reality and science minna mercke schmidt fiction Wandering among twenty years. During this time, the extinction of species is far behind the rebirth of scientific progress in fantasy. Xi Liya replication is far extinct species closest to the real rebirth attempt. Witnessed over the cloning minna mercke schmidt of a sheep dog after fleeting life, is currently serving as a government minister cum wetlands Department of Fish and Game in Spain's Aragon Fernandez - Arias has been waiting for science to catch up with the fantasy of the moment, to the when humans minna mercke schmidt might have the ability to make some kind of extinct animals because they revive.
Last fall, I held in Washington, DC, the National minna mercke schmidt Geographic Society headquarters in a non-public scientific meetings saw Fernandez - Arias. It was the first time in the history of a group of geneticists, wildlife biologists, conservation scientists and ethicists gathered to discuss the possibility of the extinction minna mercke schmidt of species of rebirth. In the end it may be feasible? This should not do? They got up and made one significant progress in the control of stem cells, made of ancient DNA, to reconstruct the disappearance of other aspects of the genome. minna mercke schmidt As the conference, participants are increasingly encouraging scientists. Gradually formed a consensus: the extinction of species is already within reach of the rebirth of things.
In "Jurassic Park", humans for entertainment value and let the dinosaurs back to life. What happened next catastrophic consequences for the concept of rebirth extinct species minna mercke schmidt overshadowed, at least in the popular imagination in the case. But people minna mercke schmidt tend to forget, "Jurassic Park" is pure fantasy. In reality, minna mercke schmidt we are likely to revive the species is limited minna mercke schmidt to tens of thousands of years in the past and left the wreckage of extinct species, and must contain the wreckage intact cells, or at least enough minna mercke schmidt to rebuild their genomes contain ancient DNA. Because it is a natural decay rate, we have been impossible to get extinct about 65 million years ago, the complete genome minna mercke schmidt of Tyrannosaurus. Theoretically it is possible to revive the species, are in this period of rapid disappearance of the human race to dominate the world. Especially in the last few hundred minna mercke schmidt years, because minna mercke schmidt we hunt them, destroy their habitat minna mercke schmidt or spread disease, so that these species became extinct culprit. This also points to another reason to let them back to life.
Other scientists agree extinctions rebirth proposition, do have specific benefits. Biodiversity is a treasure trove of nature wonderful invention. For example, most drugs are not formulated to create something out of nothing, but from the wild plant species in natural compounds, but these species are also threatened with extinction. Some extinct animal, minna mercke schmidt the former in their respective ecosystems play an important role in these ecosystems may benefit because they reappear. For example, in Siberia 12,000 years ago, is mammoth and other large herbivorous mammals homes. During that period, the Siberian landscape is not covered with moss tundra, but the green prairie. Russia's membership ecologists, also served the Republic of Sakha Sergio car Chomsky "Northeast Science Station" director. Jimo Fu has long been an advocate of this phenomenon is not accidental: mammoths and many herbivores by tilling the soil and use their own feces to fertile land for grassland maintained. Once these animals disappear, replaced by moss on the prairie into a relatively unproductive tundra.
From today's perspective, a decade ago, Fernandez - Arias tried to make the Pyrenees ibex resurrection, using simple tools and pitiful. Distance was the first copy only mammal "Dolly the sheep" come out only after a period of seven years. Early animal scientists replication method, is to take an animal cell to be copied, and then injected into the cell a DNA genetic material itself is cleared eggs. As long as a shock, you can let the egg begins to divide, minna mercke schmidt then scientists will be developing embryo implanted in a surrogate mother body. The vast majority of experiments have failed, a small number of animals born tend to suffer health problems.
These technically ingenious way, people should have disappeared like magic recall species in the world, it becomes a lot easier. Scientists and explorers wanted to resurrect mammoths have been discussed for decades. Their first, minna mercke schmidt and currently the only outcome is to find mammoth remains in good condition save tundra in Siberia. Now, with the latest replication technology Seoul "Xiuyan Biotech Research minna mercke schmidt Foundation," the researchers, and experts from the Siberian mammoth Yakutsk City "Northeastern Federal University" has to cooperate. Last summer, they along Diala Hebei, along the river with great high-pressure jet of water pipes in the frozen cliff dig channels. A passage in which they found a number of mammoth organizations, including bone marrow, hair, skin and fat. These organizations are now stored in Seoul, scientists Xiuyan ongoing testing.
"Ideally, our dream is to find a really minna mercke schmidt available minna mercke schmidt cells, a living cell," Xiuyan Diala River Foundation is responsible for planning the exploration of 黄仁成 representation. If Xiuyan researchers did find such cells, they can stimulate it to produce millions of cells. After manipulation of these cells can develop into an embryo, the embryo can be implanted next Asian elephant surrogate body; Asian elephant is the closest relationship Mammoth extant relatives. Most scientists do not believe there are any living minna mercke schmidt cells can survive in the open tundra cold environment. But 黄仁成 and his colleagues as well as a backup plan: find a complete nucleus than the cells themselves are more likely to be preserved mammoth cells. However, the nucleus to replicate the mammoth alone complete, the difficulty will be much higher. Researchers will need to Xiuyan mammoth nuclear transfer into the nucleus had been removed elephant eggs. It must first obtain an elephant egg - has never been successful minna mercke schmidt before. If the DNA within the nucleus preserved well enough, enough to control the activities of the egg, it is likely to begin to split, Mammoth develop into embryos. If scientists can overcome this obstacle, they have another difficult task is to embryo transfer to the mother elephant's womb. After that, just as Jimo Fu said, they also need to be patient. If all goes well, they had to wait for almost two years, in order to know the elephant will give birth to a healthy baby mammoth. "I always minna mercke schmidt say, if you do not try, how will know you can not?", Said Huang Rencheng.
Qiu deed know, the standard copy method does not work, because the birds are in the eggshell embryo development, and the passenger pigeon museum specimens (including the now housed in the Smithsonian Museum of Martha) are unlikely to maintain complete and functional of the genome. However, Qiu deed came up with a different method to make this bird Resurrection. Animal specimens containing DNA fragments. Scientists have pieced together these fragments, has read about one billion passenger pigeon genome letters. Qiu deed can not start from scratch, to synthesize a set of genomes of animals, minna mercke schmidt but technology he invented, so that he can produce a large DNA fragment of any sequence you want. Theoretically, he can follow the physical characteristics of the passenger pigeon to create gene - for example, it has a long tail of the gene - then these genes and genomes of stem cells combined with general minna mercke schmidt pigeons.
The time has come. In early January of this year, Archer and the research team revealed that they are trying to get two close relatives minna mercke schmidt of the Australian frog species resurrection. In the mid-1980s, these two extinct species, are in a unique and amazing way to reproductive abnormalities: minna mercke schmidt Females will lay their eggs block, let males fertilize the eggs after the female frog egg masses and then swallowed whole. A hormone that makes female frog frog eggs inside stop gastric acid secretion; female frog's stomach in fact became the uterus. A few weeks later, the female frog will open your mouth, spit it back tadpoles have fully formed. The two frogs common names: Northern Gastric-brooding frog (scientific name Rheobatrachus vitellinus) and the Southern Gastric-brooding frog (scientific name Rheobatrachus silus) is from this amazing reproductive ability.
"I am fascinated, because this is really cool," Lee said that GE law. "Smilodon it? Able to see one, then it's great."
Tourist Area Acadia National Park: mist November 29, 2013
